So far, studies on the role of oxidative stress in diseases such as colorectal adenoma 11, colorectal cancer 12, prostate cancer 13, hypertension 14, and osteoporosis 15 have been conducted using this index. The oxidative balance score (OBS) represents the oxidative balance of a person's dietary pattern using the merged intake of anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants 10. Oxidative stress can be the main cause of sarcopenia as a result of the excessive production of mitochondrial radicals due to the reduction of anti-oxidant enzymes in muscle cells 9. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the oxidant and anti-oxidant systems of the body 8. One of the primary markers proposed for sarcopenia is oxidative stress 7. Sarcopenia has a complex pathophysiology and can occur as a result of an increase in apoptotic activity of myofibrils, a reduction in the number of α-motor neurons, hormonal imbalance (a decrease in anabolic hormones), an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, biological changes, changes in mitochondrial function, increased oxidative stress, and factors such as energy deficiency 5, 6. Sarcopenia is more common in older adults 3, but muscle mass decreases by age 40 4. The prevalence of this disease is estimated between 10 and 27% in people over 60 years old 2. Adverse consequences of this disease include decreased performance, frailty, falls, and death 1. Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease in which muscle function is disrupted due to the loss of muscle mass. The present study's findings demonstrated that overcoming exposure to anti-oxidants over pro-oxidants, as illustrated by a higher OBS, is not related to lower odds of sarcopenia in older adults. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association was not significant in second and last tertile of OBS in comparision to the first one. In the bivariate model, we observed lower odds of sarcopenia in the second and last tertile of OBS in comparison to the first tertile (T) (T 2 – odds ratio (OR) = 0.414, 95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.186–0.918 and T 3 – OR = 0.101, 95% CI: 0.041–0.248). Conditional logistic regression was applied to assess the association between OBS and sarcopenia. A valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess all participants' dietary intake of pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. Also, body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). To confirm sarcopenia, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), handgrip strength (HGS) measurement, and gait speed were used. All controls were matched by sex with cases. In the current study, 80 people with sarcopenia and 80 without it were considered the case and control groups, respectively.
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Therefore, the present study assessed the association between OBS and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults. The oxidative balance score (OBS) represents the oxidative balance of a person's dietary pattern using the merged intake of anti-oxidants and pro-oxidants. Sarcopenia is a progressive skeletal muscle disease in which oxidative stress has been proposed as one of the primary markers.